UBIQUINONE IN ITALIAN HIGH-QUALITY RAW COW MILK
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Keywords
Abstract
The content of ubiquinone (UBN) was evaluated in Italian high-quality (HQ) raw cow milk. Samples were collected from four cowsheds in two different days during summer and winter. The fat content in HQ raw cow milk ranged between 2.86 and 3.46%, while UBN content varied between 0.15 and 0.45 µg/g milk. The fat content was significantly influenced by the cowshed only, whereas the UBN content was significantly more affected by both season and sampling days. Although UBN is a lipophilic antioxidant, no statistically significant correlation was found between UBN and fat content in HQ raw cow milk.
Riferimenti bibliografici
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EFSA. 2010. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to coenzyme Q10 and contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism (ID 1508, 1512, 1720, 1912, 4668), maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 1509, 1721, 1911), protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1510), contribution to normal cognitive function (ID 1511), maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentrations (ID 1721) and increase in endurance capacity and/or endurance performance (ID 1913) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal 8(10):1793.
EFSA. 2015. Scientific Opinion on the public of health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk. EFSA Journal 13(1):3940.
Fedacko J., Pella D., Fedackova P., Vargova V., De Meester F., Durcikova P. and Singh R.B. 2011. Coenzyme Q10 in heart and brain diseases. Open Nutraceuticals J. 4:69.
Fox P.F. and Kelly A.L. 2012. Chemistry and biochemistry of milk constituents. Ch. 24. In: Food Biochemistry and Food Processing, 2nd ed. B.K. Simpson, L.M.L. Nollet, F. Toldrá, S. Benjakul, G. Paliyath and Y.H. Hui (Eds.), p. 442. Wiley-Blackwell, New York, NY.
Garrido-Maraver J.,Cordero M.D., Oropesa-Ávila M., Fernández Vega A., de la Mata M., Delgado Pavón A., de Miguel M., Pérez Calero C., Villanueva Paz M., Cotán D. and Sánchez-Alcázar J.A. 2014. Coenzyme Q10 therapy. Mol. Syndromol. 5 (3-4):187.
Hatefi Y. 1963. Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone). Ch. 5. In: Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology volume 25. F.F. Nord (Ed.), p. 275. Mack Printing Co., Easton, PA.
Hechtman L.2011. Clinical Naturopathic Medicine,1st ed. Churchill Livingstone, Sydney, Australia.
Hemat R.A.S. 2004. Principles of Orthomolecularism. Urotex, Dublin, Ireland.
INRAN-Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione. 2003. Linee Guida per una Sana Alimentazione Italiana, rev. 2003. Retrieved October 10, 2016 from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-as686o.pdf.
ISO 14156:2001 (IDF 172:2001). Milk and milk products -Extraction methods for lipids and liposoluble compounds. Geneva, Switzerland: International Standard Organization.
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Kewal K.J. 2011. The Handbook of Neuroprotection. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, NY.
Kommuru T.R., Khan M.A., Ashraf M., Kattenacker R. and Reddy I.K. 1998. A simplified chromatographic method for quantitative determination of coenzyme Q10 in dog plasma. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 16 (6):1037.
Mattila P. and Kumpulainen J. 2001. Coenzymes Q9 and Q10: Contents in foods and dietary intake.J. Food Comp. Anal. 14(4):409.
Merdji M., Kussman M. and Tozanli S. 2015. The dairy products market. Documentary study. LACTIMED (www.lactimed.eu).
Milivojevic Fir M., Smidovnik A., Milivojevic L., Zmitek J. and Prosek M. 2009. Studies of CoQ10 and cyclodextrin complexes: solubility, thermo-and photo-stability. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 64(3):225.
Nakamura T., Ohno T., Hamamura K. and Sato T. 1999. Metabolism of coenzyme Q10: biliary and urinary excretion study in guinea pigs. Biofactors. 9:111.
Niklowitz P., Menke T., Giffei J. and Andler W. 2005. Coenzyme Q10 in maternal plasma and milk throughout early lactation. Bio Factors 25(1-4):67.
Palamakula A., Soliman M. and Khan M.M.A. 2005. Regional permeability of coenzyme Q10 in isolated rat gastrointestinal tracts. Pharmazie 60:212.
Prahl S., Kueper T., Biernoth T., Wöhrmann Y., Münster A., Fürstenau M., Schmidt M., Schulze C., Wittern K.P., Wenck H., Muhr G.M. and Blatt T. 2008. Aging skin is functionally anaerobic: importance of coenzyme Q10 for antiaging skin care. BioFactors 32(1-4):245.
Quiles J.L., Ochoa J.J., Ramirez-Tortosa M.C., Linde J., Bompadre S., Battino M., Narbona E., Maldonado J. and Mataix J. 2006. Coenzyme Q concentration and total antioxidant capacity of human milk at different stages of lactation in mothers of preterm and full-term infants. Free Radic. Res. 40(2):199.
Quinzii C.A. and Hirano M. 2010. Coenzyme Q and mitochondrial disease. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 16(2):183.
Quinzii C.A. and Hirano M. 2011. Primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies in humans. BioFactors. 37(5):361.
Rao R.N., Talluri M.V.N.K. and Shinde D.D. 2008. Simultaneous separation and determination of coenzyme Q10 and its process related impurities by NARP-HPLC and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 47(2):230.
Renken S.A. and Warthesen J.J. 1993. Vitamin D stability in milk. J. Food Sci. 58(3):552.
Saini R. 2011. Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 3(3):466.
Seo D.W., Kang M.J., Sohn Y., and Lee J. 2009. Self-microemulsifying formulation-based oral solution of coenzyme Q10. Yakugaku Zasshi. 129(12):1559.
Souchet N. and Laplante S. 2007. Seasonal variation of Co-enzyme Q10 content in pelagic fish tissues from Eastern Quebec. J. Food Compost. Anal. 20(5):403.
Strazisar M., Fir M., Golc-Wondra A., Milivojevic L., Prosek M. and Abram V. 2005. Quantitative determination of coenzyme Q10 by liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in dairy products. J. AOAC Int. 88(4):1020.
Tang P.H., MilesM.V., Steele P., Davidson B.S., Geraghty S.R. and Morrow A.L. 2006. Determination of coenzyme Q10 in human breast milk by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed. Chromatogr. 20(12):1336.
Thelin A., Schedin S. and Dallner G. 1992. Half-life of ubiquinone-9 in rat tissues. FEBS Lett. 313(2):118.
Vial J. and Jardy A. 1999. Experimental comparison of the different approaches to estimate LOD and LOQ of an HPLC method. Anal. Chem. 71(14):2672.
Associazione Italiana Lattiero Casearia (ASSOLATTE). 2006. Il Libro Bianco sul Latte e i Prodotti Lattiero Caseari. ASSOLATTE, Milano, Italia.
Beg S., Javed S. and Kohli K. 2010. Bioavailability enhancement of coenzyme Q10:an extensive review of patents. Recent Pat. Drug Deliv. Formul. 4(3):245.
Bentinger M., Dallner G., Chojnacki T. and Swiezewska E. 2003. Distribution and breakdown of labeled coenzyme Q10 in rat.Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34(5):563.
Bhagavan H.N. and Chopra R.K. 2006. Coenzyme Q10: Absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radic. Res. 40(5):445.
Claeys W.L., Verraes C., Cardoen S., De Block J., Huyghebaert A., Raes K., Dewettinck K. and Herman L. 2014. Consumption of raw or heated milk from different species: An evaluation of the nutritional and potential health benefits. Food Control 42:188.
EC Regulation No 852/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs.
EC Regulation No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin.
EFSA. 2010. Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to coenzyme Q10 and contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism (ID 1508, 1512, 1720, 1912, 4668), maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 1509, 1721, 1911), protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage (ID 1510), contribution to normal cognitive function (ID 1511), maintenance of normal blood cholesterol concentrations (ID 1721) and increase in endurance capacity and/or endurance performance (ID 1913) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal 8(10):1793.
EFSA. 2015. Scientific Opinion on the public of health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk. EFSA Journal 13(1):3940.
Fedacko J., Pella D., Fedackova P., Vargova V., De Meester F., Durcikova P. and Singh R.B. 2011. Coenzyme Q10 in heart and brain diseases. Open Nutraceuticals J. 4:69.
Fox P.F. and Kelly A.L. 2012. Chemistry and biochemistry of milk constituents. Ch. 24. In: Food Biochemistry and Food Processing, 2nd ed. B.K. Simpson, L.M.L. Nollet, F. Toldrá, S. Benjakul, G. Paliyath and Y.H. Hui (Eds.), p. 442. Wiley-Blackwell, New York, NY.
Garrido-Maraver J.,Cordero M.D., Oropesa-Ávila M., Fernández Vega A., de la Mata M., Delgado Pavón A., de Miguel M., Pérez Calero C., Villanueva Paz M., Cotán D. and Sánchez-Alcázar J.A. 2014. Coenzyme Q10 therapy. Mol. Syndromol. 5 (3-4):187.
Hatefi Y. 1963. Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone). Ch. 5. In: Advances in Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology volume 25. F.F. Nord (Ed.), p. 275. Mack Printing Co., Easton, PA.
Hechtman L.2011. Clinical Naturopathic Medicine,1st ed. Churchill Livingstone, Sydney, Australia.
Hemat R.A.S. 2004. Principles of Orthomolecularism. Urotex, Dublin, Ireland.
INRAN-Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione. 2003. Linee Guida per una Sana Alimentazione Italiana, rev. 2003. Retrieved October 10, 2016 from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-as686o.pdf.
ISO 14156:2001 (IDF 172:2001). Milk and milk products -Extraction methods for lipids and liposoluble compounds. Geneva, Switzerland: International Standard Organization.
Italian Legislation 3 May 1989; n. 169. Gazz. Uff. 11 May 1989, n. 108.
Italian Ministerial Decree 9 May 1991, n. 185. Gazz. Uff. 19 June 1991, n. 142.
Kewal K.J. 2011. The Handbook of Neuroprotection. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, NY.
Kommuru T.R., Khan M.A., Ashraf M., Kattenacker R. and Reddy I.K. 1998. A simplified chromatographic method for quantitative determination of coenzyme Q10 in dog plasma. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 16 (6):1037.
Mattila P. and Kumpulainen J. 2001. Coenzymes Q9 and Q10: Contents in foods and dietary intake.J. Food Comp. Anal. 14(4):409.
Merdji M., Kussman M. and Tozanli S. 2015. The dairy products market. Documentary study. LACTIMED (www.lactimed.eu).
Milivojevic Fir M., Smidovnik A., Milivojevic L., Zmitek J. and Prosek M. 2009. Studies of CoQ10 and cyclodextrin complexes: solubility, thermo-and photo-stability. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. 64(3):225.
Nakamura T., Ohno T., Hamamura K. and Sato T. 1999. Metabolism of coenzyme Q10: biliary and urinary excretion study in guinea pigs. Biofactors. 9:111.
Niklowitz P., Menke T., Giffei J. and Andler W. 2005. Coenzyme Q10 in maternal plasma and milk throughout early lactation. Bio Factors 25(1-4):67.
Palamakula A., Soliman M. and Khan M.M.A. 2005. Regional permeability of coenzyme Q10 in isolated rat gastrointestinal tracts. Pharmazie 60:212.
Prahl S., Kueper T., Biernoth T., Wöhrmann Y., Münster A., Fürstenau M., Schmidt M., Schulze C., Wittern K.P., Wenck H., Muhr G.M. and Blatt T. 2008. Aging skin is functionally anaerobic: importance of coenzyme Q10 for antiaging skin care. BioFactors 32(1-4):245.
Quiles J.L., Ochoa J.J., Ramirez-Tortosa M.C., Linde J., Bompadre S., Battino M., Narbona E., Maldonado J. and Mataix J. 2006. Coenzyme Q concentration and total antioxidant capacity of human milk at different stages of lactation in mothers of preterm and full-term infants. Free Radic. Res. 40(2):199.
Quinzii C.A. and Hirano M. 2010. Coenzyme Q and mitochondrial disease. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 16(2):183.
Quinzii C.A. and Hirano M. 2011. Primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies in humans. BioFactors. 37(5):361.
Rao R.N., Talluri M.V.N.K. and Shinde D.D. 2008. Simultaneous separation and determination of coenzyme Q10 and its process related impurities by NARP-HPLC and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 47(2):230.
Renken S.A. and Warthesen J.J. 1993. Vitamin D stability in milk. J. Food Sci. 58(3):552.
Saini R. 2011. Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 3(3):466.
Seo D.W., Kang M.J., Sohn Y., and Lee J. 2009. Self-microemulsifying formulation-based oral solution of coenzyme Q10. Yakugaku Zasshi. 129(12):1559.
Souchet N. and Laplante S. 2007. Seasonal variation of Co-enzyme Q10 content in pelagic fish tissues from Eastern Quebec. J. Food Compost. Anal. 20(5):403.
Strazisar M., Fir M., Golc-Wondra A., Milivojevic L., Prosek M. and Abram V. 2005. Quantitative determination of coenzyme Q10 by liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in dairy products. J. AOAC Int. 88(4):1020.
Tang P.H., MilesM.V., Steele P., Davidson B.S., Geraghty S.R. and Morrow A.L. 2006. Determination of coenzyme Q10 in human breast milk by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed. Chromatogr. 20(12):1336.
Thelin A., Schedin S. and Dallner G. 1992. Half-life of ubiquinone-9 in rat tissues. FEBS Lett. 313(2):118.
Vial J. and Jardy A. 1999. Experimental comparison of the different approaches to estimate LOD and LOQ of an HPLC method. Anal. Chem. 71(14):2672.
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Nov 21, 2017
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Come citare
MANDRIOLI, M., SEMENIUC, C., BOSELLI, E., & RODRIGUEZ ESTRADA, M. (2017). UBIQUINONE IN ITALIAN HIGH-QUALITY RAW COW MILK. Italian Journal of Food Science, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.14674/IJFS-871
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Biografia autore
M.T. RODRIGUEZ ESTRADA, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
Assistant Professor
Come citare
MANDRIOLI, M., SEMENIUC, C., BOSELLI, E., & RODRIGUEZ ESTRADA, M. (2017). UBIQUINONE IN ITALIAN HIGH-QUALITY RAW COW MILK. Italian Journal of Food Science, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.14674/IJFS-871